Who Pays the Most US Federal Income Tax

Who really pays the most taxes? Under the U.S. income tax system, most of the taxes collected are supposed to be paid by the people who make the most money, but does that reflect reality? Do the rich really pay a â€Å"fair† share of taxes? According to the Office of Tax Analysis, the U.S. individual income tax system should be â€Å"highly progressive,† meaning that largest share of individual income taxes paid each year should be paid by a small group of higher-income taxpayers. Is that happening? In a November 2015 poll, the Pew Research Center found that 54% of Americans surveyed felt the amount of taxes they paid was â€Å"about right† compared to what the federal government does for them, while 40% said they paid more than their fair share. But in a spring 2015 survey, Pew found that 64% of Americans feeling that â€Å"some wealthy people† and â€Å"some corporations† do not pay a fair share of taxes. In an analysis or IRS data, Pew did find that corporate taxes are, indeed, funding a smaller share of government operations than in the past. In fiscal 2015, the $343.8 billion collected from corporate income taxes represented about 10.6% of the government’s total revenue, compared to from 25% to 30% in the 1950s. Wealthy People Do Pay a Larger Share The Pew Center’s analysis of IRS data showed that in 2014, people with an adjusted gross income, or AGI, above $250,000 paid 51.6% of all individual income taxes, even though they accounted for only 2.7% of all returns filed. These â€Å"wealthy† individuals paid an average tax rate (total taxes paid divided by cumulative AGI) of 25.7%. By contrast, while people with adjusted gross incomes below $50,000 filed 62% of all individual returns in 2014, they paid only 5.7% of total taxes collected at an average tax rate of 4.3% per person. However, changes in the federal tax laws and the national economy cause the relative tax burdens borne by different income groups to change over time. For example, until the 1940s, when it was expanded to help fund the World War II effort, income tax was generally paid only be the wealthiest Americans. Based on IRS data covering tax years 2000 through 2011, the Pew analysts found: People with incomes between $100,000 and $200,000 paid 23.8% of the total taxes collected in 2011, up from 18.8% in 2000.People with incomes between $50,000 and $75,000 paid 12% of the total taxes collected in 2000 down from only 9.1% in 2011. In fiscal 2015, just less than half – 47.4% -- of all federal government revenue came from individual income tax payments, a figure largely unchanged since World War II. The $1.54 trillion collected in fiscal 2015 made individual income taxes the federal government’s single largest source of revenue. Additional government revenue comes from: corporate income taxes;payroll taxes that fund Social Security and Medicare; andexcise taxes such as those on gasoline and cigarettes, estate taxes, customs duties and payments from the Federal Reserve. According to the IRS’ most recent analysis of the distribution of the income tax burden, the top one percent of income earners paid 37 percent of all income taxes in Tax Year 2016. This was nearly twice as much as their 19.7 percent share of income. Breaking this down, the top 25 percent of earners paid nearly 86 percent of all income tax. Overall, the top 50 percent of earners paid 97 percent of all income tax collected. The reaming 3 percent of taxes is paid by the lower income 50 percent of filers. The Non-Income Tax Burden For the last 50 years, payroll taxes – the deductions from paychecks that pay for Social Security and Medicare -- have been the fastest-growing source of federal revenue. As the Pew Center points out, most middle-class workers pay more in payroll taxes than in federal income tax. In fact, 80% of American families – all but the highest-income earning 20% -- pay more in payroll taxes every year than in federal income taxes, according to a Treasury Department analysis. Why? The Pew Center explains: â€Å"The 6.2% Social Security withholding tax only applies to wages up to $118,500. For example, a worker earning $40,000 will pay $2,480 (6.2%) in Social Security tax, but an executive earning $400,000 will pay $7,347 (6.2% of $118,500), for an effective rate of just 1.8%. By contrast, the 1.45% Medicare tax has no upper limit, and in fact, high earners pay an extra 0.9%.† But is this a ‘Fair and Progressive’ System? In is analysis, the Pew Center concluded that the current overall U.S. tax system is â€Å"as a whole† progressive. The top-income 0.1% of families pay 39.2% of their income, while the bottom 20% get back more money from the government than they pay in the form of refundable tax credits. Of course, the answer to the question of whether the federal tax system is â€Å"fair† or not remains in the eye of the beholder, or more correctly, the eye of the payer. Should the system be made even more steeply progressive by increasing the tax burden on the wealthy, or is an evenly-distributed â€Å"​flat tax† a better solution? Finding the answer, as Jean-Baptiste Colbert, Louis XIV’s finance minister can be challenging. â€Å"The art of taxation consists in so plucking the goose as to obtain the largest possible amount of feathers with the smallest possible amount of hissing.† The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 On December 22, 2017, President Donald Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA) which made major changes to the individual income tax. While the law imposed new limits on itemized deductions, the individual standard deduction was near doubled and most income tax rates were reduced. Since raising the standard deduction eliminated the need for millions of households to itemize their deductions, filing individual income tax returns was greatly simplified. Unless extended by Congress, most of the TCJA’s changes to the individual income tax will revert to pre-TCJA status after December 31, 2025. If Congress allows this sunset provision to stand, most households would see tax increases beginning in 2026. Until then, however, households from top to the bottom of the income spectrum should pay substantially lower individual income taxes.

Analysis Of Mary Karr s An Almost Unbroken Panorama

1. â€Å"Mary Karr presents her childhood in an almost unbroken panorama. Mine is a fogged-out landscape from which occasional memories appear like isolated trees . . . . the kind that look as if they might like to grab and eat you.† Excerpt From: Stephen King. â€Å"On Writing.† pg. 17 This is an example of a metaphor that King used to compare his rather hazy memories of his childhood to Mary’s very clear and happy memories. His use of a very descriptive metaphor in this comparison really helps the reader understand the differences between. The metaphor not only compares his memories to May’s but it also describes the harshness of those few memories. 3. â€Å"There was a whole world of vicarious adventure which came packaged in black-and-white, fourteen inches across and sponsored by brand names which still sound like poetry to me. I loved it all.† Excerpt From: Stephen King. â€Å"On Writing.†pg. 47 This is an example of imagery which King uses to express his view of early television. He saw it as an incredible little box that offered visual entertainment much like a book offers entertainment. The vivid description paints a picture in your head of his TV and the things he watched. To him it was a whole new world, and he shares tat feeling with his readers using this imagery. 4. â€Å"There is no Idea Dump, no Story Central, no Island of the Buried Bestsellers; good story ideas seem to come quite literally from nowhere, sailing at you right out of the empty sky: two previously unrelatedShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Mary Karr s An Almost Unbroken Panorama 924 Words   |  4 PagesTask #1: 1. â€Å"Mary Karr presents her childhood in an almost unbroken panorama. Mine is a fogged-out landscape from which occasional memories appear like isolated trees   .  .  .  . the kind that look as if they might like to grab and eat you.† Excerpt From: Stephen King. â€Å"On Writing.† pg. 17 This is an example of a metaphor that King used to compare his rather hazy memories of his childhood to Mary’s very clear and happy memories. His use of a very descriptive metaphor in this comparison really helps

Life Without Art free essay sample

Having said that we survive in exact relationship to the dedication of our poets (including preachers, musician and blues singer)†-Graduation, Maya Angelou. Can we survive without art? Art has existed longer than anyone take on, before anyone formula (of the right way or the wrong of doing it. ). Art has long been and is still simply a form of human expression, whether it be a on a piece of paper or just spoken words. People have long found artistic ways to express their inner being, thoughts and souls. The question is not whether one can survive without art? Rather; can one survive happily without it? To simply state art is a matter of life and death would be odd, because we need air to survive, so in comparison we would not die without art, however, existing happily without art would be challenging. Art is one of the most beautiful forms of expression that is known to man. We will write a custom essay sample on Life Without Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page A poet has his poetry, a preacher needs his sermon, blues singer needs their verse over a beautiful beat . A painter needs his canvases, even kindergartener need their crayon and their coloring book. Michelangelo could not live without his muse. Anyone can create art; everyday people create art in one form or another. It is not something one must be skill to do; all someone need is to find a form of art that suit them. A singer can sing, writer can write. Art in itself is the simplest form of human expression. What the Egyptian did with clay, straw and gold they build a multitude pyramids beautiful a form of art. Any art form can be therapeutic, people are able to express their inner most thoughts, desires, pain and misery. Certain blues singer, poets and musician are able to convey their emotion in such a manner that it engulf the audience to shed tears, to be anger and brings their audience into compassion for them and their situation. Often people are able to relive an experience or have someone speak to their soul through spoken word or music or even a sermon. I know that the psalmist David from the Christian bible speaks to my heat. David has always been able to express my emotion with words I think of. David is a truly gifted man this talent of his is from God, the way he speaks about his problem is exquisite David express himself in way I could never. Art has been and will always be way human being expression such emotions as happiness, despair, and malcontent. It can also be a way of to get a glimpse of the past. It may not be as vital as food is to the body, however; art to the soul is a powerful, and soothing; it can create bond and attachment that no other walk in life can. In a world full of individual and difference, you seldom find something for most human to agree with but art is something people can agree is necessary.

Relationship Between Leadership and Management

Introduction The research paper is a critical examination of the various attributes that make someone a better business leader in this business world full of fierce competition and unpredicted changes. It is no doubt that there are thousands of individuals who seek employment opportunities in various fields.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Leadership and Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More On the other hand, employers are looking for individuals who are competent enough and ready to learn new things in order to stay longer in their organization since higher employee turnover is expensive for organization (Conley, 2001). For one to be able to be competent in a given organization, he or she needs to be fully aware of his/her different learning methods, ability to fully utilize their personal effectiveness skills among others. Additionally, it is apparent that the only constant in the bu siness world is change, and for this reason, for employees to be sure of coping with such changes, there is need for them to acquire certain skills that will help them be competent in doing business (Townend, 2007). This will definitely work well in ensuring that one turns out to being a better business leader. Relationship between leadership and management There is a closer linked between leadership and management that is has even proved to be a challenge to some individuals to differentiate the two concepts. However, for persons who are keen the two concepts can be easily seen from an angle of successful as well as unsuccessful organizations. Leadership has been defined as a process whereby an individual can influence thoughts, ideas and actions of others in achieving a set of preset goals, tasks, duties and responsibilities (Stogdill, 1948). To have successful and highly motivated human product, how their thoughts are influenced is of significance importance. This not being enoug h, effective leadership, which generally refers to the way of showing others the way forward by influencing their actions, beliefs and feelings by employing the most appropriate style at their disposal in light of the situation at hand is the major contributory factor in making an organizations prosperous hence making one a better business leader especially in this competitive business world. On the other hand, while leadership provides direction by coming up with vision, management has been thought to refer to the mechanisms of controlling, directing, organizing the various resources including human resource in line with the existing values and principles predetermined by an organization.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More It is management that ensures that there is compliance to various laws, procedures, and guidelines (Hackman Wageman, 2007). In a nutshell, management uses existing principles to tune individuals as well as other resources to attain the mandate of an organization. It has been shown that individuals, who use either of the style exclusively, end up being looser and not desired by the staff and even the world of business. However, a careful and balanced blend of these two concepts has seen to it that world class organizations such as Apple, Research In Motion, Google as well as Multinational Corporation such as Coca Cola to mention but a few have maintained their status despite the completion as well as other unfavorable external factors (Fullan, 2001). A deeper analysis also shows that these organizations have business persons who are better and they are maintained at all cost. This is with the understanding of the organization that higher rates of employees turn over is detrimental to its existence. Attributes that make one a better business leader Presentation skills Within each and every organization, information sharing has been deem ed to be vital either between workers or with outside stakeholders. For that matter individuals especially in managerial position opt to fully have tips on how to present information in the most appropriate manner. To be successful in presenting ideas and views, there is need to fully understand the following aspects of presentation skills; answering questions in a competent manner, deliver presentation in a confident way, beating nerves associated with presentation, ability to use visual; aids in an effective manner and more importantly planning and writing good presentations (Valentich Gripton, 1996). Additionally, maintain an eye contact with the audience is a plus in making effective presentations. It is worth noting that keeping eye contact with the audiences usually makes them believe on your statements. Similarly, emphasizing on important points is key. Lastly, ending the presentation with a strong finishing has been thought of as a skill that will keep the audience into act ion immediately after the speech. More importantly, looking your best is one point that opts to be mastered, dressing appropriately and putting a smile work in winning the hearts of the audiences (Fullan, 2001).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Leadership and Management specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To ensure that one continually improves in how they present a post presentation analysis is vital. There is need to review the presentation, leverage it the later entails summarizing questions from the presentation made. Effective decision making It is no doubt that the moment of decisions is what shapes ones destiny. As we make decision each and every day individual or organization path to being successful is either jerked in either direction, positive or negative (Stogdill, 1948). Poor decision making do have serious implications not only to individuals but more so to the entire organization as the reputation of the organization will be hampered, growth and expansion of the organization, morale of workers as well as productivity and revenue generation will go down. To make effective and rational decision is typically based on balancing between intuitive and rational thoughts (Dunn Dunn, 1999). Sinclair, 2007, was of the view that before engaging in making a decision, it is imperative to strictly do the following, determining the problem and identifying objectives to be attained by the decision to be made, engaging intuition, collecting relevant data however, depending on the time frame available there is no need of engaging in searching for too much information as this will delay the process of coming out with a decision. Additionally, there is need of identifying actions to be accomplished the objectives and goals set. Creating a list of benefits and drawbacks of each and every action or alternative and weighing them against each other is of essence. Solicit for views of other workers before making an intuitive judgment with regards to the best alternative. Acting assertively Expressing opinions in place of work especially in a democratic environment counts in making one an effective worker. The whole scenario entails putting forth your views whether positive or negative in a genuine way. Being assertive is where one expresses themselves in an open and honest manner while having in mind the concerns of others at heart. Conflicts confront people while in place of work and the way they act dictates the future of the organization least to say of their own.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Showing respect for others go an extra mile for other to respect and acknowledge you. For that reason it is important to clearly master not only what one says but how it is said. With regards to what one says, it is of significance to always being specific and clear on what one are thinking, feeling and wants. This helps remove vagueness and timid statements. Owing the message by utilizing first person will help do away with resentment in place of work (Townend, 2007). Learning how to ask for feedback and carefully listening to what other have to say is a skill that compound assertiveness. The ultimate goal of doing this is to ensure that consensus is arrived at and any misconception or understanding is ironed out. Additionally, when it comes to how to say, maintaining eye contact, facial expression and gestures, timing, active listening, body posture and voice are key in ensuring that one acts in a manner that put into consideration of other workmates. Team building Successful orga nizations have in place an effective way of team building. The concept refers to a number of activities in organizations and institution of learning have in place aimed at improving team performance. The process of team building can encompass a simple process as bounding to complex ones for instance retreating with the aim of making group assessment among others. The ultimate aim of tram building entails; improving communication, motivating team members, improving rapport between workers, making workplace environment more enjoyable, getting everybody on board among others. For a team to be considered effective, each and every member opt to be geared towards sharing a common goal and at the same time highly motivated in order to use capabilities of other members in a positive and constructive manner. It is evident that each member of do play an integral part in propelling organization to greater heights. Transformational leadership styles are qualities that are needed when it comes t o developing shared goals and objectives within a team. Additionally, having in place a team is not enough, motivating them is key in ensuring that the ultimate goals and objective are attained (Goldstein Hogarth, 1997). Similarly, it is of essence to appreciate the varying capabilities and differences in views of team members. This can be attained by having a culture where the team aims at capitalizing on collective capabilities of members other than to maximize performances of individuals. Lastly, in order to make sure that team work is improved, there is need to establish ownership of the shared goals, remove inhibitors, introduce enablers and utilizing health checks, 360 feedback mechanism as well as managing performance. All this makes a great leader (Stogdill Bass, 1974) Being a team player Building a team is not the ultimate recipe of success if members are not team players. Having in mind that each member of the team has a specific role to play, there is need to have certa in transferable skills and qualities to fit into being a team player. These include; showing reliability, communicating constructively, actively listening to what others are saying, actively taking part in group activities, willing to shares to ideas in an open manner, show higher degree of corporation and desire to help others, exhibiting flexibility, depicting commitment to the entire team, always work towards solving problems and more importantly treating other team members in a respectful as well as supportive manner. Effective management personal time Everything that is being done or will be done in place of work usually has a time bound. It has been argued that not using time to plan is in effect planning to fail in day to day activities. Spending time in planning and organizing help in cutting down the time that could be spend while engaging in activities in future. Setting goals give one a sense of direction. When asked the secret to amassing, one of the famous Hunt brothers from Texas replied: â€Å"First you’ve got to decide what you want.† Set goals which are specific, measurable, realistic and achievable. Prioritizing helps in isolating the valuables (Valentich Gripton, 1996). This helps in making one to concentrate on things or activities that have the greatest rewards. As suggested by Wren, 1994 other attributes that are of essence on properly managing time include using to do list, being flexible, considering ones biological prime time, doing the right things right, working towards eliminating the urgent activities, practicing the art of intelligence neglect, conquering procrastination and lastly rewarding oneself after attaining certain predetermined goals. These attributes make someone to be a better leader in the world of business. Building trust It has been thought that the most effective leaders in the world usually practice what they preach (Hackman Wageman, 2007). For instance, if it is keeping time they are telling the su bject, then they are the first ones to adhere to such a call. Although this can be hampered by the current happenings such as technological innovation which counter the strategies and plans brought forth by a leader, employing transparency and accountability will work well in helping built trust with the subject. When one turns to being open with regards to how the subjects are compensated, the results of the business being brought out clearly without any inclined alterations, then the subjects will have trust in such individuals. With such an attributes it will be easy to convince the followers on taking certain course of action despite the fact that it may look to be unbearable and dim. The ultimate success attributed to such a bold step will in no doubt paint the person in the realm to be success and better in showing other the course of action. Creating a democratic environment Individuals in businesses who are capable of creating an environment in which the subjects are free to air their views, challenge those of the leaders as well as building consensus before taking action are attributes that need to be possessed by individuals who want to be better leaders. Through effective communication as previously discussed democracy will help in ensuring that the subjects question the views as well as opinions of the leaders. With such an environment they will thus provide alternatives which may be indeed better than those initially held by the leader. If such leaders are capable of incorporating the extern views especially from their subjects, then there are higher chance of success in the organization since there will be an understanding that the decision arrived at was all encompassing (Schein, 2004). Additionally, when a leader is capable of ensuring the workplace environment fosters views, subjects will be encouraged to bring in new ideas and with the stewardship of the leader may work well in propelling the organization in question to greater height. The su ccess attained then brands the leader to be a better person in the world of business. Adopting various earning styles According to Dunn Dunn, 1999 different individual do have varying learning styles. Knowing ones learning style is of significance as it will not only work in eliminating frustrations related to learning but also enabling individuals to learn through other viable ways and not just in their preferred style. Additionally one is also able to an environment in which other can learn from you is made possible. There are four different learning styles are activists, reflectors, theorists and pragmatists. For a leader to be better, they must show intention or have already incorporated more than at least two of the said learning styles. Having a blend of learning styles will help leaders to make better and rational decisions, choosing the best alternative that is timely. Similarly, the approach when adopted make an individual able to acknowledge that people learn through vario us ways and for that mater a blend of having various learning skills makes one to improve on how to communicate with the subordinates. When information intended to be passed reaches the majority and clearly understood, there are higher chances of the views presented being followed. This contributes to a better leader. Adopting the culture of being a servant leader With this philosophies, one is guided not being bossy but be a servant to the subordinates. In situation where one fully manages to place the interests of his/her subjects before their own, then there are chances for such individuals to be better leaders if other discussed attributes are also exhibited. It is worth noting that when the same is transferred to customers as well as other relevant stakeholders such as distributors, governments as well as suppliers then the relationship generated is worm fostering mutual coexistence an environment conducive for growth of an organization. Among the characteristics that need to b e adopted as a servant leader include showing empathy, sympathy, higher levels of commitments, stewardship; these help in building trust hence a plus in being a better leader in the business field. For instance when a leader fits into the shoes of the subordinates or his subjects and the later will feel he/she is cared for by the leader. For this reason, in situations where the former call for the help of the former, then the response will be positive. It is such a response and relationship that dictates whether one will be deemed a better leader or not. Building morale of the subjects It has been acknowledged by top performers leaders and managers that when one manages to fire up their workers using whatever methods at their disposal will work towards making them more effective leaders (Townend, 2007). The ability to give workers a sense of importance for instance making them know that their efforts are of great significance in attaining the predetermine organizational goals and ob jective, appreciating their efforts through the various means more so by word help in building a team that is highly motivated and satisfied. It is such a team that ensures that a leader is successful hence seen as being better in business organization (Steers et al., 1996). Additionally, instilling as well as creating a culture where the success attained will not be viewed as being the effort of a leader but rather the efforts of the subjects being guided by the leader ensures that the subjects will feel part of the team that attained success hence will continue and even give more in trying to attain goals and objectives deemed to be challenging. According to Yukl, 1994 aside from motivating staff, it is of paramount significance for one to be able to act as a coach to his/her subject. Better leaders are capable of focusing on how to maintain focus of the subjects. This is with the knowledge that when employees or followers keep their eyes off the desired course of action then thei r will be a serious problem. In case the leader manages to ensure that subjects will not drift into courses initially not planned for that are in most cases attractive to individuals and not suitable for the business, then such a leader is deemed to be a better one. Fully understand the limit of the subjects For one to be a better leader in business world, it has been arguably thought that the ability of clearly understanding the limits of each and every subject is key. With such kind of knowledge, a leader can be in a better position to design responsibilities, tasks as well as duties that are at par with the knowledge and skills of the targeted subject (Goldstein Hogarth, 1997). With such systems, followers will be able to actively engage their skills and competence to the best of their knowledge. This coupled with the environment created where they are free to incorporate their innovation and creativity will yield tremendous results. Organizing genius According to Eickenberry, ( n.d.) this is a situation whereby a leader is capable of soliciting for human resources that are better skilled and more knowledgeable. In most cases there are instances that manners and leaders fail to hire individual who know more than them. This is a recipe for a failing leader. When a leader is capable of picking talent purely based on excellence, merit as well as ability then this will ensure that the subordinates are motivated and know for sure that one day they will be rewarded. It has been brought forth by Jack Welch that his success as a leader is attributed to the fact that he has never feared hiring great people with great skills, knowledge, ability and of course knowing more than he knows. It thus goes without saying that when one has a team that is great in all the desired attributes, then everything will be done right hence to the advantage of the organization and to the leader in question. Creative thinking As noted by Kouzes Posner, 1999 the ability to think outside the box especially when confronted with difficulties and acting rationally are among the attributes when successfully adopted and put into practice makes one a great leader of his time and even the future. The potential of thinking in unbound way typically without being limited or having a feeling of being restricted with laid down rules, guidelines and procedures will always result if well thought a solution that will propel the organization to greater heights. However, it will be rational for the leader to have in mind the consequences of their action both internally as well as externally. Similarly, involving the right stakeholders for instance employees, customers as well as shareholders is a plus. It is worth mentioning that such an initiative of creative thinking will also ensure that the leader creates new leaders within the organization (Conley, 2001). Conclusion From the review of the concept of leadership and management, it is evident that although they are different and distinct, they are important for an individual to be a good leader. Whereas leadership entails envisioning and providing direction, management entails control of resources based on certain principles. In this changing world of business, there is need for individuals that seek to be leaders to adopt certain attributes that will keep them on track and hence better leaders in the world of business. As noted in the research paper, striking balance between management and leadership is of paramount importance in making one a better leader. However, this can only be accomplished by attaining certain desired attributes such as being creative and innovative this makes one arrive at decision after making extraordinary action, being a servant leader ensures that one feels for the subjects hence understand their needs, ability to hire and maintain individuals of higher abilities, skills and knowledge, understanding of the subjects limits and capabilities; this makes one to be able to design res ponsibilities that are in line with subjects’ competence, acting assertively, building trust, building a team, being an active team player and motivating followers. Other important characteristics that make one to be a good leader include; good presentation skills, effective decision making, ability to adopt varied learning styles and being effective in managing own time. Today environment calls for individuals who will be capable of standing the turmoil as well as stiff competition in business world; this thus require one to be an effective leader as well as a great manger. References Conley, M 2001, Essential Theories of Leadership Motivation in organizational behavior. Sharpe Press, Armonk. Dunn, R Dunn, K 1999, The Complete Guide to the Learning Styles In-service System. Allyn and Bacon, Boston, MA. Eickenberry, K (n.d.) Leadership vs. management: Why the difference matters Simcoe, ONT: The Sideroad, viewed on http://www.sideroad.com/Leadership/leadership-versus-managem ent.html Fullan, M 2001, Leading In a Culture of Change, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco. Goldstein, W Hogarth, R 1997. The Ten Dumbest Mistakes Smart People Make and How to Avoid Them, Harper Perennial Library, New York. Hackman, R Wageman, R 2007, â€Å"Asking the Right Questions about Leadership† American Psychological Association vol. 62 no.1, pp. 43–47. Kouzes, J Posner, B 1999, Encouraging the Heart, Jossey-Bass Inc., San Francisco, CA. Schein, E 2004, Organizational Culture and Leadership, John Wiley and Sons, New Jersey. Sinclair, A 2007, Leadership For The Disillusioned: Moving Beyond Myths And Heroes To Leading That Liberates, Allen Unwin, Crows Nest, NSW. Steers, R. Lyman W, Bigley, G 1996, Motivation and Leadership at Work, McGraw-Hill, New York. Stogdill, R Bass, B 1974, Handbook of Leadership: A Survey of Theory and Research, Free Press, New York. Stogdill, R 1948, â€Å"Personal Factors Associated with Leadership: A Survey of the Literature.† Jou rnal of Psychology, vol. 25 no. 1 pp. 335–371. Townend, A 2007, Assertiveness and Diversity. Palgrave Macmillan, New York. Vroom, V Yetton, W 1973, Leadership and Decision Making, University of Pittsburgh Press, Pittsburgh, PA. Wren, D 1994, The Evolution of Management Thought, Wiley, New York. Yukl, G 1994, Leadership in Organizations, Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ. This essay on Relationship Between Leadership and Management was written and submitted by user Will H. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Opinion on mosh video essays

Opinion on mosh video essays The Eminem video Mosh is a really strong and positive video for the people of the U.S. When you see this video you can see that Eminem talks the truth about president Bush, and all the bad things he has done as a president. The thing I like most about the video is that Eminem tells everyone that if they all get together and vote then their voice will get heard and things may change for the better. I think that Eminem did a very good job in this video to tell people a bit about the president we have now. He tells one bad thing the president did , which was going to war just for oil. These can make people change their mind and think about looking for a better candidate. Even tough he said this people still voted for Bush. Although Eminem has a big voice there will always be people that would judge hin as revel and someone that hates Bush, but if you think about it then you can see that he is just trying to show the people what kind of president he is. The only thing I didnt like about the video was the date it was release, because it was release the same day as the election day. If it would have been release before election daythen there would probably have been another president and Bush wouldnt have bombed the holy land like he did on his first day as reelected president. I think that Bush knew that if the video was release before elections then he would probably not have been elected. I think that if there would be more people that raise their voice as Eminem did then maybe this nation would be different. ...

Society and Our Children essays

Society and Our Children essays Do We Care as a Society about How Well Our Children Are Being Raised Virginia Satir's work, is very encouraging and inspiring not only for a parent to read but for anyone who wants a better understanding of the dynamics of the family in todays society. Mrs. Satirs book The New People Making resists the temptation to merely blame everything on dysfunction between the partners in the parental relationship, and instead looks at the family as a compilation of defective individuals who all have a potential to grow and learn. I especially like her highlighting on the family's strengths and building on those. Anyone can take a look at a family whether it is a nuclear family, single parent family, step family, foster family, cross generational family, and extended families, and come up with what is wrong. However, this does nothing to solve problems and encourage resiliency, which all families need in this unquestionably family hostile culture. This paper will offer an explanation on society, the family and how todays children are being raised and do we as a society care how individuals are being raised? There is no hesitation that children, our young people need assistance to survive and grow effectively, and this statement has been true since the beginning of humankind. They need guidance on the spiritual, emotional, physical and intellectual levels. They need to learn about what works and what does not in their attitudes to and their behaviors in and toward the world. The majority of the human population knows that children need to discover, without too much personal cost, the ways of their family and their society in order to know how to live social lives. At the same time, they need to be assisted to comprehend and value their individuality, their freedom and their responsibilities. Author Virginia Satir, acknowledges and expresses in her book The New People Making that she sees a need fo...

Aristotle on property and family Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Aristotle on property and family - Essay Example According to the theories of Socrates, there should be no private property in the ideal community. Aristotle had a different point of view on this issue. He supposed that women and children belong to some male individuals and therefore can also be referred to as property. It is possible to imagine what will happen if all citizens would have the right to use the wives and children of each other. Aristotle has limited the sharing of property to several cases which would bring the benefits to the state. For example, he explained when the soil can be common (Lear 214-215): (1) the soil can be common and the products from it can be used for common consumption; (2) the soil can be common only if it is cultivated in common and the products are divided among the individuals for the private purposes. Aristotle has made one important point which makes it clear that common sharing of goods will not be beneficial for the state. When people share equally all of the benefits, those who labor much will always be dissatisfied with those who labor less but receive the same reward. As Aristotle has noted, it has been always very difficult for the men to have all human relations in common.

Recommendations for a Company Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Recommendations for a Company - Case Study Example Your firm is rather new in the market. Still, it should be carefully structured and monitored so that failures are identified early and appropriate solutions are given. Most important, the time spent on recovering from failures should be minimized otherwise there would be no time left for focusing on the firm’s expansion, a problem that you have already faced. As a leader, you have to emphasize on keeping the firm’s productivity at high levels (Schermerhorn 2011). You also have to ensure that the resources available are used appropriately so that organizational performance is high as possible (Schermerhorn 2011). In general, the management of organizations is based on four, key, functions: ‘a) planning, b) organizing, c) leading and d) controlling’ (Daft & Marcic 2012, p.9). This means that the leader who aims to secure the success of his business has to be able to respond to the demands of all the above management functions. Apart from the above functions, of particular importance for modern organizations is ‘the achievement of organizational goals’ (Dyck & Neubert 2008, p.7). ... In this way, the mistakes made will be identified and measures can be proposed for avoiding similar problems in the future. In regard to the mission statement of the organization the following comments could be made: a) although the mission statement responds to a basic need of the local market, i.e. the need for convenient accounting services, it seems to suffer at the following point: it does not refer, either directly or indirectly, to credibility, as a criterion of the services provided by the organization. In the specific sector, credibility is quite important at the level that any failure could lead to high penalties for the customer/ taxpayer. Therefore, the firm’s mission statement could be possible alternated. The phrase: ‘Credible management of your finances’ could be possible preferred instead of the firm’s existing mission statement: ‘Have laptop, will travel’; b) in its current form, the firm’s mission statement is related t o another problem: the mission statement is not supported by appropriate strategies, so that the statement’s enforcement becomes problematic. As noted above, planning is one of the key management functions (Daft & Marcic 2012). This means that each firm’s leader has the responsibility for the identification and the promotion of the firm’s mission statement, as also of the firm’s strategies and ethical rules. This means that you have to take measures for ensuring that the mission statement reflects the organization’s capabilities, as revealed through the firm’s performance. At the same time, you need to ensure that the firm is able to respond to the challenges that the above mission statement sets, i.e. the provision

Catholic University for independent thinkers Essay Example for Free

Catholic University for independent thinkers Essay Through the intensive research conducted by myself on finding the most optimal university, I noted that University of Dallas fulfils such aim. A University that is known as â€Å"the Catholic University for independent thinkers†, which was ranked as one of the top ten politically conservative schools. It has been highly accredited for its scholarly excellence, lecture delivery and character building. Above all it is graded as one of the best private school bargains in the nation. All the aforementioned positive features induce me to enrol in courses provided by such University to enhance my studies, because I am searching for the best education one can attain in order to make a difference in my future through the vast knowledge acquired from such educational institution. Reference: The Princeton Review. University of Dallas (on line). Available from: http://www. princetonreview. com/college/research/profiles/schoolsaysmore. asp? category=1listing=1022535LTID=1intbucketid= (Accessed 2nd April 2007).

Racism in American History X Essay -- essays research papers fc

American History X is clearly a film dealing with racism. The interesting thing about this film is the way in which the subject is treated. First of all, it is obvious that, though racism is always a difficult subject to deal with, American History X presents it without any reservations or dumming down. Second, the film's figurehead for racism, Derek Vinyard (Edward Norton), is not an unintelligent redneck racist as films often portray them, but is in fact well-spoken, charismatic and intelligent, although he clearly holds ideals that are terribly wrong. Finally, the film shows that it is not just the white, neo-nazi racists who are fools to be involved in this, but all racism is foolish. Through these methods, the film shows the viewer, extremely convincingly, that hatred and racism will destroy a person and those around him.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  It is immediately revealed to the audience at the outset of this movie that there will be no holds barred and no playing down the realism of this intense racial hatred. When the film flashes back to the reason for Derek’s incarceration, we see Danny wake up his brother to tell him that some black guys are trying to steal or wreck his truck, and Derek immediately jumps out of bed, grabs a gun, and shoots one of them, wounds another and fires at the third as he drives away. Then, in one of the most brutal scenes in film history, Derek forces the remaining, wounded man to put his face on the curb and Derek kicks the back of...

Green Engineering

Date 11/17/11 | | Name: Manuel Tejada Activity: Sustainable Architectural Design Course: Materials and Processes (CD220) Instructor: Paul Debashis Green engineering is a much-needed approach to transform existing engineering disciplines and practices to those that promote sustainability. The concept of sustainability is to develop and implement technologically and economically viable products, processes, and systems that meet the needs of humanity, while protecting the environment.Green engineering is governed by the following principles: Use the least amount of energy to achieve any given task. Generate as much energy as possible using renewable resources. Generate the least amount of pollutants and by-products during energy generation. Use renewable and biodegradable materials to a maximum extent for building structures and fabricating products. Reduce waste during construction and fabrication. Design structures and products to maximize their life spans and minimize maintenance.De sign for easy deconstruction and facilitate the reuse of components and materials from obsolete structures and products in new construction and fabrication. Make the least impact on the environment. The obvious question is: Why are these principles not followed? The answer is: Because of economics, convenience, ignorance, and affluence, with economics playing the major role. For example, thermal power plants are still a more economical source for electrical energy compared to solar energy.However, the depletion of raw materials and the cost of controlling pollution and by-products are resulting in a steady increase in the cost of electricity produced by thermal power plants. This, in combination with the improved efficiency of solar cells, is making solar cells a viable alternative. In the area of energy production, the fraction of energy produced by renewable resources is still very small. The popular sources are coal, natural gas, oil, and nuclear. Hydroelectric power plants are a long-standing renewable source.The growing sources of energy production are solar and wind. Fossil fuels generate carbon dioxide and large amounts of residues, such as fly ash and bottom ash. Philosophically, most of the energy we are using came from the Sun. For example, coal, oil, oil shale, and tar sand were produced over millions of years from forest growth. If we could harness solar radiation, then most of the world's energy needs could be met. To achieve this, the efficiency of solar cells has to be increased considerably.It is estimated that the Sun provides about 120 quadrillion watts of energy daily, while worldwide consumption is about 13. 5 trillion watts per year. In the next paragraph I will present the proposed of solar panels for a small business in Dominican Republic (Karina supermarket), which spends about 2160 kwh every month (0, 35 usd/kwh) $ 756 us monthly. For this project we are going to use solar panel that contains 4 cells, and each of them can produce 0. 45 volts and 100 milliamps, or 45 milliwatts. Each cell measures 2 inches by 0. 5 inches.In other words, with these solar cells you can generate 45 milliwatts in one square inch (6. 45 square cm). For the sake of discussion, let's assume that a panel can generate 70 milliwatts per square inch. To calculate how many square inches of solar panel you need for a Supermarket, I need to know: * How much power the supermarket consumes on average. * Where the supermarket is located (so you can calculate mean solar days, average rainfall, etc. ). This question is possible to answer because I have the specific location in mind.Considering that in the tropics the days are longer and the sun shines more. We'll assume that on an average day the solar panels generate their maximum power for 6 hours. Now we are going to do some calculation of how much solar electricity I need to power this supermarket. This means that what I would be powering with solar electricity are things like the refrigerator, the lights, the computer, the TV, stereo equipment, motors in things like furnace fans and the washer, etc. Let's say that all of those things average out to 3000 watts on average.Over the course of 24 hours, you need 3000 watts * 24 hours = 72,000 watt-hours per day. From our calculations and assumptions above, we know that a solar panel can generate 70 milliwatts per square inch * 5 hours = 350 milliwatt hours per day. Therefore you need about 205,000 square inches of solar panel for the supermarket. That's about 5 solar panel that measures about 285 square feet each one (about 26 square meters). The cost for each unit, including battery bank and installation $16,000-$20,000 us. Now we are going to compare the annual cost of both system solar panel Vs regular energy.Solar Panel Total energy peer year: (2160kwh/m) (12m) = 25,920kwh/y Total installation cost: (5panel) (20,000us) = $100,000us Total cost kwh: Total cost/Total energy peer year = $3. 858 us/kwh Regular energy Total ener gy peer year: (2160kwh/m) (12m) = 25,920kwh/y Total Cost: (25,920 kwh/y) (0, 35 usd/kwh) = $9,072 us Assume no change in the cost of the electricity and base in the calculation, this system will likely pay off in about 11 years. The average lifetime of solar panels is 40 years, so your investment will reap about 3 times the initial cost.

Music in Films Essay

Talents are strewn around everywhere in the form of music, acting, editing, singing, etc. Stories and themes are left undiscovered in the slums of India. Who would pick them up and give an artistic touch? Hats off to Danny Boyle, an English director who did it. He took the challenge of making it to the silver screen and ended up with Oscars, the highest authority on movies that acknowledged Slum Dog Millionaire with 8 out of 10 nominations. An 18-year old boy Jamal who was raised in Mumbai slum wins 10 million dollars in a quiz competition which is popularly known as â€Å"Who will be the millionaire. † in Indian television show. As he keeps winning, the doubt â€Å"How an uneducated tea supplier working in a call center could answer all questions correctly? † raises. Was he cheating? An obvious question that arises in the minds of everyone which the movie alone could answer. Just one more question the next day will make him a millionaire. That night, Jamal was taken to police station and was beaten brutally on charges of cheating in the quiz competition. The answer to the question â€Å"How Jamal would know the answers to all the questions? † is the central theme of this movie with which the entire story is built. Usually rich ones with good schoolings have better access to quiz competitions with the probability of winning. But Jamal had no formal education. The vicious streets of Mumbai, the horrific nights, the villainous characters around taking every opportunity to exploit poor children like him are all the lessons Jamal went through in the open and unsafe streets of Mumbai. The insecurity for the poor in the slums and the social weaknesses of the Indian society is brought about by the movie in a thrilling fashion. Thugs turning children blind and making them beggars for their selfish motives is one such example. For every question asked in the competition, Jamal derived answer from his life time experience. In other words, there were events in his life which had some connection to the answers. He uses his intelligence and memory to recollect the events and tries his luck. Of course a bit of luck is also necessary in everything one does. Another way of looking at Jamal is that talents are everywhere in forms suppressed, in royal institutions as well as in the slums. Bringing them up to the surface is what heroism is. While young, Jamal made an awkward choice of jumping into the pool of shit to come out of the toilet and finally making it with Amitabachan (a leading actor in India) for an autograph shows his drive and enthusiasm. Jamal meeting her girl friend Lathika back in Mumbai after a long gap is an ecstatic moment. Girls like Lathika after being grown up are eyed seriously by lewd males. Even Jamal had to ruffle with his brother to get Lathika out of him. Both Jamal and Lathika are safe in the end and their love materializes. Jamal talking to Lathika over phone as a lifeline friend is symbolic of Jamal winning his invaluable prize Lathika before winning his 10 million dollar. The movie is a combination of everything – scores of music, songs, cinematography, editing, etc. A. R. Rehman struck his chord with his rich and varied notes scoring over horror, melody, love and misery. The distinction shown among all these items with originality and inventiveness are something special which won him the Oscar for Original Scores. The choice and combination of music themes applied make the movie prolific. For example â€Å"Ring ring ringa, Ring ring ringa†¦. † is used when prostitutes are shown. â€Å"Jai ho, jai ho† is used when Jamal and Lathika meet or when there is a heroic deed performed. The â€Å"jai ho jai ho aaja aaja jind shamiyane ke tale aaja jariwale nile aasman ke tale jai ho jai ho ratti ratti. † song transcends the barriers of language and reaches out to audience worldwide to enthrall and has yielded him yet another Oscar for song. It is the music that takes the song everywhere. Every time when there is a change of scene, the music is simply astounding. The change of mood is rightly set by the music. The background music of quiz program is not new to the people of India, as the real program on television show was similar to this one. However, the typical music recorded in multiple tracks give thrill and excitement when questions are being rolled out. The song â€Å"I fly like paper, get high like planes If you catch me at the border I got visas in my name If you come around here, I make ’em all day I get one down in a second if you wait   Ã¢â‚¬  while the train is moving has all the gravity of cheerfulness compassioned with the advent of nature. Music is the language whenever flashbacks have to be short and quick. If the arrival of Taj Mahal has some humorous events in it, the music compensates it with reverence. The background music when the prostitutes are shown in the slums of Mumbai, the humming love music when Jamal meets Lathika after a gap, and the song at the end of the movie which brings winning moments for everyone – for the hero, for the director, for the musician, etc is worth mentioning. Whenever the scenes have the power to move the audience, the music leaves an impression in the minds for an everlasting memory. Titanic Titanic is a movie of all times for its unparalleled mixture of fact and fiction filmed on a massive scale. The grandeur of the ship, the differences shown between the rich and poor in the backdrop of Edwardian influence, the love between Rose and Jack tied together in the heart rendering scores of James Horner, the magnanimous touch of James Cameron as writer, director and editor eventually became the first movie of its kind in Hollywood. The movie is screened for just three hours but it comprises a mammoth research by reaching out to the depth of the Atlantic where the original Titanic sank in 1912, and by building a main production set at Rosarito Beach in Baja California, Mexico. As one of the crew members rightly says in the movie, â€Å"The ship is known for grandeur. † it has everything in it: the restaurants, swimming pool, elevators, grand staircase connecting seven decks, a huge glass dome, and all the luxury items. The gigantic ship has massive propellers to pull it all along. The cost of first class tickets are so high even close to $4000 for some which is equal to the amount of $50000 today. Cameron begins the movie in a striking manner as he uses the latest submergence technology and the grandeur with which it explores the wreck of Titanic. The entire operation under water around Titanic in the rumbles of James Horner is a rare phenomenon to watch. â€Å"She is the largest moving object ever made by the hand of man† as said by a character in the movie, it also felt by the music effect. Brock Lowett, an explorer in the movie is curious to possess the necklace with blue diamond worn by Rose in 1912. He ends up discovering a nude painting of Rose. The 100-year old Rose, watching this incident on television calls Brock Lowett and tells the fact that she is the one in the picture. What rose recollects from her memory is the main story of Titanic. Everyone around Rose including her fiancee Caledon is of typical business people who restrict women. Unable to bear with the economy based love and affection running deep in the hearts of her fiance, Rose decides to commit suicide and runs to edge of Titanic and climbs on the railing. Jack comes at the right time to her rescue and the compassionate words of Jack brought her back to life. Jack boarded the third class in the last minute because of the Jackpot he won. He is only a survivor and is no match to the rich and elegant families of the first class passengers who were made to invite him for a dinner party for rescuing Rose. But Jack is well mannered, clear headed, charming and he feels for others. He has passion for drawing and some of his paintings attract Rose. The movie scripts are written aptly to bring Jack and Rose together after an initial disapproval by Rose when Jack asked her â€Å"Do you really like the guy? † Later it turns out to be good and they had a good understanding. Their togetherness in the ship after they started loving each other is the sweetest moment of the movie. It includes Jack’s mystical touch in painting her nakedness wearing only the Heart of the Ocean, their running around the deck and cargo hold of Titanic in joy, their standing at the edge of the ship on the railing with their hands straitened in excitement singing: â€Å"Every night in my dreams I see you. I feel you That is how I know you go. † †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. † This song has become the magical spell of the movie Titanic all over the world and this still picture of their stance became the trademark of the movie Titanic. The music fastens with the solo violin bringing momentum. After a while, the fatal iceberg strikes the edge of Titanic and in the next couple of hours or so everything goes under water. The serious episode of the movie begins with the gradual inflow of water into the ship sinking it gradually and bringing panic. The entire mechanism of how a gigantic ship would submerge under water is a massive research effort discovered and shot for screening by James Cameron. Rose and Jack face predicaments in the ship when they are in search of each other as the ship is sinking gradually. The thrill, excitement and horror are maintained well. Silence followed by music and vice versa creates impression in these scenes. Jack and Rose reached the edge of Titanic from where they jump off the drowning ship and were in the waters of Atlantic waiting for a survival boat. No boats are in the vicinity. Jack prepared to be in the water leaving Rose on a piece of oak panel that is available. The chilly water frozen in minus degree centigrade would not keep Jack alive for long. Rose cries in emotion â€Å"Jack come back†, â€Å"Jack come back†. â€Å"There is a boat Jack. † The music of the song â€Å"Every night in my dreams, I see you. I feel you, That is how I know you go† in low humming voice hardly leaves anyone without tears in eyes. This is one of the greatest emotional scenes on the screens. As she promised Jack she lives until she becomes old enough. It is not just the James Cameron has given The 20th Century Fox has not just produced a movie that has just won 11 Academy awards but has gifted the world a movie of great proportion that would stand all ages. School of Rock School of Rock reveals the power of music through a group of children aged around 10 from a prep school. The spirited hard rock singer and guitarist Dewy Finn masked as a substitute teacher in a class room could not go fizzled out when the music director Craig Wedren has his full support. The hero Dewey Finn visualizes no way out but to be with the rock that paid him nothing. â€Å"Do you want me to give up my band? † he goes weird while talking to his friend Ned Schneebly when he pressurizes him to pay the share of his room rent. Voted out from the band due to his hyper active stage antics, Dewy has no source of income to pay off anything. He is a lone talent unexplored on the stage, dreaming of a great rock career. All that he needs is â€Å"One little thing, it’s music†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬  and he has challenged his band members who voted him out, â€Å"I’ll set up my own band. We are going to start a revolution. † So the fire is burning within him contributes to the central theme of the movie. He turns a phone call of Mr. Schneebly in his favor and decides to go as a substitute teacher in the name of Schneebly to make some money for his immediate needs. As desired, he gets into the school and there begins a new lease of life when he spots children attending music classes amidst his boring class room sessions comprising mainly of recess. He senses a vibrant rock band in his students that could back him up back on to the stage. His mind worked brilliantly. He worked in that direction shifting musical instruments back and forth to the class room and away. He picked up students and assigned each student an instrument and engaged them in practice. The music of comedy is well underway with Dewy managing his students answering all their questions to comfort them that they are doing a school project. That’s how he tells students instead of telling the truth that he wants to win in the Battle of the Bands. Either ways it is a competition – a competition to disclose talents to the public. His conversations with Ms Mullins, the Principal of the preparatory school and other teachers are full of comedy. The words of Dewy, â€Å"It’s experimental teaching. We were learning in singing songs. † confuses the Principal as there is no such thing. Gradually, Ms. Mullins has a special liking for Dewy as he drags her for tea with his artistic eloquence in praise of her profession and her way of handling things. She is much more impressed by his reverence tinged with fun for her profession and especially when he tells her that she is cool and capable. The movie takes a dramatic turn when Schneebly and his fiance come to know of the fraud when Dewy opens up how the check in the name of Schneebly reached him from the preparatory school. The secrets are let out and the police enters the class room when Dewy is in a parents day meet. He is out of school now. Parents are in despair complaining to the Principal about their children’s studies suffered. Ms. Mullins has a tough time answering all the parents and so shuts the door in anger. The power of music is still alive with the students. They secretly take the school bus and reach Dewy’s place to pull him up for the Battle of the Bands. Dewy never dreamt students would be so taken by the rock. They rushed to the theater. Their turn is about to come. Surprise mounts up as the parents and the principal too rushed to the theater to rescue their children. The school of Rock is finally on the stage in colorful dresses. Zack is amazing with his guitar. Freddy is rollicking with his drums. Lawrence is working mystery with his keyboard. Tonika enchants the audience with her voice. â€Å"Baby we was making straight A’s, But we was stuck in a dumb daze, Don’t take much to memorize your life, I feel like I’ve been hypnotized. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. † Dewy goes wild on his power stance, moving, dancing, rolling all over and jumping into the crowd to bring a swashbuckling finish to the song. Their performance is surprising, unbelievable, absolutely stunning. Every parent delights at his or her child for doing great on the stage. The music in the last few minutes of the movie brings a complete change of moods. The parents who rushed in panic are now cool after discovering great talents in their children. The principal runs out of words when people praised her. The power of rock took everyone by surprise. Finally the music wins. School of Rock fails to win the $20,000 prize but the audience shouts, â€Å"School of Rock† â€Å"School of Rock† repeatedly asking for once more. Once again The School of Rock is on the stage with a song once again. Dewy gets a chance to train students in music after school hours. The filmmaker Richard Linklater has directed the movie in accordance with, â€Å"Guitar in hands and rock in our hearts. † References Retrieved March 21, 2009,http://www. mygodwithin. com/2009/02/slum-dog-millionaire-receives-8-oscar. html Retrieved March 21, 2009, http://www. futuremovies. co. uk/review. asp? ID=139 Retrieved March 21, 2009, http://www. hollywoodlot. com/titanic/james-cameron. html

Dealing With Tree Root Damage of Sewer and Water Line

Dealing With Tree Root Damage of Sewer and Water Line Conventional wisdom says that the roots of certain tree species may be more harmful to water and sewage lines than others, especially if planted too close to these utilities. That wisdom weighs out as far as it goes, but all trees have some ability to invade water and sewer lines. Root Egress Tree roots invade mostly through damaged lines installed in the top 24 inches of soil. Sound lines and sewers have very little trouble with root damage, and then only at weak points where water seeps out. Aggression toward water service in many fast-growing, large trees is spawned by the discovery of a water source coming from that service. As is the case with any living thing, a tree will do what it must to survive. Roots dont actually crush septic tanks and lines, entering instead through weak and seeping spots on tanks and lines. Its important to closely watch these aggressive trees when they grow  near your sewage service, or avoid planting them altogether: Fraxinus (ash)Liquidambar (sweetgum)Populus (poplar and cottonwood)Quercus (oak, usually lowland varieties)Robinia (locust)Salix (willow)Tilia (basswood)Liriodendron (tulip treePlatanus (sycamore)Many Acer species (red, sugar, Norway and silver maples, and boxelder) Managing Trees Around Sewers and Pipes For managed landscapes near sewer lines, replace water-seeking trees every eight to 10 years before they grow too big. This limits the distance roots grow outside the planting area and the time they have to grow into and around sewer lines as well as foundations, sidewalks, and other infrastructure. Older trees can embed pipes and sewers by growing roots around the pipes. If these trees experience a structural root failure and topple, these field lines can be destroyed, so it is important to keep a close eye on these as well. To help prevent tree root damage that will eventually interfere with sewer lines: Plant small, slow-growing trees near sewer lines.Plan to replace trees every eight to 10 years if you desire faster-growing species.Periodically monitor and replace even slow-growing trees.Thoroughly evaluate landscaping plans for potential root intrusion when improving or building new sewer lines.Consider Amur maple, Japanese maple, dogwood, redbud, and fringetree, common trees recommended for planting near water lines. Options exist if you already have tree root damage to your lines. Products containing slow-release chemicals to stymie further root growth are helpful. Other root barriers include: Densely-compacted layers of soilChemical layers such as sulfur, sodium, zinc, borate, salt or herbicidesAir gaps using large stonesSolid barriers such as plastic, metal, or wood. Each of these barriers can be effective in the short term, but long-term results are difficult to guarantee and can significantly harm the tree. Seek professional advice when using these options.

Free Essays on Teamwork

Teamwork All of us have worked in teams at some point in our lives, and we all can recall a time we had interacting with others to meet team objectives. Communication is the way we get through our daily life, both personally and professionally. There are team units in our lives that we chose to be in, and then there are those that we are simply put in without a choice. It is usually these groups that have we will have the most conflict. I have had the ability to view a lot of different team settings through my work and family life. Being part of a team brings to my mind many things, both the good and bad experiences that I went through while working with team members and others in my life. There are many questions that I have asked myself after many meetings. Some are as follows: How did I perform? Was I able to lead the team to meet its objectives? What did other team members feel about my presence in the team? Were my interactions positive or negative? Did I learn anything from my interactions within and outside the team? As I look back into my own life, I find myself dwelling on these points, was I able to come up with hither to unnoticed aspects about my personality and work that will qualify me as a valuable member of the management team at work, in which we meet every Tuesday morning at 8 am. This is when we get together to discuss any open cases, client concerns, upcoming training, what is working for us in regards to recruiting and much more. I truly love being part of my management team at work. I find myself looking forward to our Tuesday morning management meetings. In these meetings is where I find support, guidance and a true sense of camaraderie. If I have an issue I have been struggling with all week, it is here that others know what I am experiencing and help me through it. In order for this team to be established and work as effectively as it does, our support comes from the top. Our upper m... Free Essays on Teamwork Free Essays on Teamwork This essay will evaluate the statement, made in the assignment question by reviewing the role of human resource management (HRM) in the strategy process. This will include the function of recruitment and training programs in HRM, the concept of strategic fit and how human resource management can lead to a competitive advantage. The manner in which an organisation’s personnel are managed has a tangible influence on the productivity of the employees, which ultimately acts upon the firm’s bottom line. Corporate success is dependent upon the integration of the human resource plan and the corporate strategic plan.It has become a widely held premise that people provide organisations with an important source of sustainable competitive advantage and that the effective management of human capital, not physical capital, may be the ultimate determinant of organisational performance (Youndt, Snell, Dean, Jr, & Lepak, 1996). The relationship between the strategic planning of an orga nisation’s people and the overall strategy is being increasingly recognised as one of immense importance. A growing recognition of human resources as being a company’s most important asset has, and will continue to, change the focus of strategic planning. It is no longer acceptable to exclusively plan for those assets that will appear on the balance sheet. A cohesive plan integrating human resource management and the overall strategic plan is necessary, such that the management of people is not a distinct function, but acts as a medium through which all other business strategies are implemented (Armstrong and Long, 1994: p. 42). In essence, the competitive, human resource, and structural strategies should all be linked in a systemic and dynamic fashion (Boxall, 1996: p. 61). Unfortunately, as will be discussed later, this proposal is not as simple practically as it is theoretically. The purpose of HRM is to anticipate changes within the employee framework, thereby... Free Essays on Teamwork Teamwork All of us have worked in teams at some point in our lives, and we all can recall a time we had interacting with others to meet team objectives. Communication is the way we get through our daily life, both personally and professionally. There are team units in our lives that we chose to be in, and then there are those that we are simply put in without a choice. It is usually these groups that have we will have the most conflict. I have had the ability to view a lot of different team settings through my work and family life. Being part of a team brings to my mind many things, both the good and bad experiences that I went through while working with team members and others in my life. There are many questions that I have asked myself after many meetings. Some are as follows: How did I perform? Was I able to lead the team to meet its objectives? What did other team members feel about my presence in the team? Were my interactions positive or negative? Did I learn anything from my interactions within and outside the team? As I look back into my own life, I find myself dwelling on these points, was I able to come up with hither to unnoticed aspects about my personality and work that will qualify me as a valuable member of the management team at work, in which we meet every Tuesday morning at 8 am. This is when we get together to discuss any open cases, client concerns, upcoming training, what is working for us in regards to recruiting and much more. I truly love being part of my management team at work. I find myself looking forward to our Tuesday morning management meetings. In these meetings is where I find support, guidance and a true sense of camaraderie. If I have an issue I have been struggling with all week, it is here that others know what I am experiencing and help me through it. In order for this team to be established and work as effectively as it does, our support comes from the top. Our upper m...

History Analytical Paper (Modern Asia) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History Analytical Paper (Modern Asia) - Essay Example The years that followed saw the Japanization of Korea until the conclusion of the Second World War. Evidently, history reveals that at the end of the Japanese colonial system, Korea had become the second most innovative and developed country in the region. However, the advances made in Korea occurred at a price. From 1910-1945, Koreans did not know freedom, and this is the price they paid for the economic and societal advancement. Apparently, the price was too heavy to pay in exchange for economical projects that favored the Japanese. Therefore, I disagree with the statement that freedom is a small cost to pay to reap the benefits of colonialism. Many authors tackling the issue of Korean colonization have highlighted that it proved beneficial. This has led to a heated debate on the issue, with thorough analysis showing that the Korean nation underwent massive transformation because of the colonial era. After Japan took control of Korea, the emperors sought to silence the voice of Kor eans. This is evident from the recorded narrations from 51 different authors as presented by Kang (21). Kang interviewed different members of the Korean society in order to build a picture of the real experiences of the Koreans. For example, Kang’s father-in law related his memories. The Korean people lost their freedom in every sense. The Korean Communist Party platform reveals how gross the loss was for the Korean people. They lacked democracy, and they remained a people unable to govern themselves freely. The Japanese colonial empire exerted a ruthless form of control on the people, and they complied. The most productive lands belonged to the Japanese emperors whereas the Korean people worked under submission to the Japanese control. Apparently, it was not simply submission they exhibited but rather, they faced exploitation. Workers earned meager earnings, and the working conditions were highly unfavorable for the Korean people. For example, Ch'oe P’anbang experienc ed injustice in his workplace where others received stipends, except him because he was Korean (Kang 34). The working conditions did not reflect any respect or accord for human dignity. The Korean workers lacked opportunities to rest after laboring an entire week. There were no labor laws to protect the welfare of Koreans workers. Those who failed to comply faced imprisonment and incarceration. In the industrial setting, there were minimal sanitary working conditions, a factor that rendered the work environment highly unsafe. Moreover, there was an evident difference between the treatment of Japanese workers and Korean laborers. The peasantry industry that had defined the livelihood of the Korean people prior to the colonial period started to die down as the Japanese emperors grabbed all the productive lands. For example, Chong T’ae’ik explains how some colonialists compelled Korean farmers to eat insanitary things such as worms. His had retarded Korea’s economi c activities (De, Bary468). The Japanese emperors introduced a monopoly system that made it impossible for Korean investors to register any profits. This serves to illustrate the level of exploitation experienced by the Koreans as evident from the Korean communist party platform recorded in the five documents of Korean communism. In addition, the colonialists had taken over traditional industries and sought to convert them into larger industries

Skin Breakdown in acute care Pediatrics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Skin Breakdown in acute care Pediatrics - Essay Example The studies reviewed in the below emphasise the aforementioned and suggest strategies for fall-risk assessment and fall prevention. The authors propose the adoption of a data-driven, evidence-based approach for fall-prevention among elderly inpatients. The study, which includes neither subjects nor a data collection and analysis approach is, nevertheless, an extremely informative nursing guide on fall prevention. As Sherrod and Good (2006) write, the primary problem confronting nurses in elderly patient settings is falls, especially those which result in fractures. Apart from the healthcare/treatment costs which are subsequently incurred, within the parameters of elderly patients, falls are immediately linked to morbidity rates. The implication here is, as Sherrod and Good (2006) emphasise, is that fall prevention among elderly patients must be defined as the primary nursing responsibility. It is within the context of the stated that the authors identify fall prevention strategies as their research purpose. As noted in the preceding, Sherrod and Good (2006) adopt an evidence-based approach. There exists a wealth of data on fall risk factors and prevention strategies among elderly inpatients and this data, if properly and thoroughly analysed has the potential to yield important information regarding the efficacy and effectiveness of the variant fall prevention strategies and techniques. Rather than proposed a specific technique, Sherrod and Good (2006) contend that it is imperative that each setting develop its own. Certainly, nurses must be well-trained in the general causal factors and the relevant prevention strategies but, more importantly, each setting/environment has its own set of risk factors. These must be identified through a review of the relevant data and prevention strategies designed in direct correlation to those risk factors. The

Motives for the voyages of discovery Research Paper

Motives for the voyages of discovery - Research Paper Example Thesis statement: The research work on the film Conquest of Paradise proves that the protagonist’s motives for his voyages of discovery include his personal motive to prove his worthiness as a sailor, to quench the renaissance spirit by going beyond national boundaries, to find out new lands, to extend European influence to new lands, to plunder gold and wealth from the natives, to find out new sea routes, colonization under the crown, to spread Christianity, and to expand trade and commerce in future years. This section is broadly divided into: personal motive, renaissance spirit, to find out new lands, expansion of European influence, to plunder wealth, to find out sea routes, colonization, religious purposes, and expansion of trade. Personal motive: In the movie, the director makes use of the protagonist’s personal motive (say, to prove his value as a sailor) to unearth the importance of the expeditions of discovery. To be specific, the protagonist decides to fulfil his personal aim by conducting a voyage to unseen lands. Deanne Schultz opines that, â€Å"Despite weak condescension to the counter discourse, the film argues that Columbus deserves restoration to a legacy of greatness.†1 One can see that the protagonist tries to convince Queen Isabella I that he is worthy enough to conduct an expedition. This personal motive to prove oneself as a worthy sailor is inherent in almost all sailors. Still, the protagonist fails to convince the queen because the proposed expedition will result in economic burden. But the protagonist does not give up his personal interest/aim. Instead, he tires his level best to gain a ship and crew members. This proves that the protagonist is so obsessed with his personal motive/interest. So, one can see that the director sheds light into the protagonist’s inner mind and unveils the reason behind his passion towards sailing. Renaissance spirit: The protagonist’s expeditions of discovery in the film are symbolic of the influence of Renaissance that urges individuals to go beyond national boundaries. To be specific, the protagonist represents the spirit of Renaissance to explore the unknown. One can see that Renaissance resulted in geographical discoveries. The protagonist is aware that his expedition can help him to gain glory. But, he does not possess a ship or crew members. Still, his unending passion towards adventure forces him to approach the queen. This passion towards adventure is the essence of Renaissance. Somehow, the protagonist convinces the queen and starts his expedition. The director makes use of the protagonist’s effort to portray the human passion to know the unknown. The protagonist is aware that he cannot fulfil his dreams without seeking help from the queen. Besides, he knew that his voyage can help him to be on the pinnacle of success. The protagonist does not like to an idle individual because his destiny is interconnected with the revolutionary spi rit of Renaissance. One can see that the protagonist’s passion towards his profession and its relationship with the rapid change in European mindset helped him to be victorious in the end. So, the director convinces the viewers and proves that Renaissance spirit guides the protagonist towards his expeditions of discovery. To find out new lands: In the movie, the director makes use of historical facts to prove that the protagonist’s aim was not to reach the mainland of America, but to reach Asia. To be

Macbeth Film Comparison Essay Example for Free

Macbeth Film Comparison Essay Compare and contrast the opening scenes of Polanskis 1971 film version of Macbeth with Geoffrey Wrights 2007 adaptation. Roman Polanskis and Geoffrey Wrights adaptations of Shakespeares Macbeth are filmed in different styles despite being based on the same play. This may be to suit a different audience or convey a different message to one another. Roman Polanskis 1971 reproduction opens on a wide angle shot of a beach with a sunrise coming up over the horizon. This creates a feeling of morning, and that this is just the start of a storyline. After this, three old, weathered women appear and dig a hole in the sand- allowing a mysterious atmosphere to develop, which leaves the audience wanting to know more. The witches then bury a dagger encased in a severed hand and a hangmans noose. These items allow the audience to ponder upon the connection of the items. The witches then say their goodbyes and wander off along the beach, the only sound being the squeaking of their cart used to haul the ritual items in. This shot is quite simple, but it creates a feeling of anticipation. Geoffrey Wrights 2007 adaptation opens in a more 21st century blockbuster style, with attractive young schoolgirls playing the part of the witches who vandalise a graveyard by gouging out the eyes of statues of angels and spraying the eyes of the statues with red spray paint. This is quite an aggressive scene to start with, and sets the pace for the rest of the film. Compared to Polanskis version, this introduction offers a more up-beat feel, instead of the more sombre style of the 1971 film. The camera then pans round to a close-up of Macbeths face whose attention is drawn to the young schoolgirls as they wander past him. He then looks at his wife who is kneeling over their dead sons grave crying. Again, another close-up, but this time of Lady Macbeths face which at this point is not particularly attractive. This could show Macbeths desire for a prettier woman in the schoolgirls, and reality- the less attractive sight of his wife; but in the end, no-one knows what he is thinking, just that he is not comforting his wife. Here, the atmosphere is quite tense- lots of things are happening at one time which makes you feel like you are there, in Macbeths hectic, confused mind. In relation to Polanskis film, this film is less mysterious and makes you expect fewer twists because there have been not many so far. The title graphics in Polanskis film are set in a Roman style font, Seriffed and coloured black. The aged font emphasizes the fact that the film is very traditional. This style of writing is often used in newspaper articles. The 2007 adaptation uses a much more modern, contemporary sans-serif font. The text is coloured red- a recurring theme in this film. In the 1971 version, a wide angle shot of the beach is the start of the film. This wide angle shot is used throughout the first scene to depict the bleak landscape that the film is set in. The wide shot could also be showing us the bigger picture- that there are many little thing that make up the plot of Macbeth, and this is just one little thing on a wide, open beach. Geoffrey Wrights film does not include many wide- angle shots in the first few scenes. This is most probably because of the action-packed nature of the film. Therefore the camera follows the action intensely- for example following the witches around the graveyard. This gives the audience an adrenalin rush- especially in the action scenes where the audience can perceive themselves to be taking part in the violence. In both films however, close-up shots of the faces of the main characters are shown. In Polanskis film this is to show mainly emotion- the creepy expressions of the witches, and Macbeths blank expression when shown in a close-up. When Macbeth is first shown, invaders are being hung in the background- but Macbeth retains his blank facial expression- suggesting that he has no feelings for those being hung. Geoffrey Wrights film shows close-ups of the faces of the witches defacing the statues at the graveyards. These shots show the determination that the witches show by their facial expressions to destroy all that has to do with God and heaven in the graveyard. The close-ups of Lady Macbeths face show her weakness in her love for her dead child. Polanskis film uses very weak morning light as a setting for the beach scene. This gives a dull, grey, washed out look to the beach. The beach seems quite uncomfortable, as it is daybreak and there is almost no light and the open beach makes you feel cold inside creating an atmosphere that hints to you that something bad is about to happen. Similarly, the 2007 version seems to be shot in the day, but there is very little light as the graveyard is overcast. Despite this, the graveyard feels more comfortable due to the auburn hair of the witches which seem to emit warmth and light- allowing the audience to feel more relaxed and enjoy the action scene that follows. Polanskis film opens with the witches burying strange items that all link to death and suffering- a dagger, a noose and a severed hand. Blood (possibly a symbol of murder) is then poured over the items. The witches then spit on either side of themselves, possibly to bind themselves to the witchcraft they are taking part in. the weather at that time is bleak ,and a thunderstorm is brewing- possibly suggesting a little cheaply hat something bad is about to happen. At that point, after the title sequence, the king gallops onto the beach to the sound of trumpets- symbolic of royalty and fame. In Geoffrey Wrights adaptation, a recurring theme of red is used from the start of the film. This colour represents blood, murder, death, danger, and the underworld. For example, the witches hair is Auburn, suggesting that they pose a mild danger to Macbeth. Also, The Cawdor- the bar which is used as a drugs den, has red wallpaper- suggesting that it is part of the underworld. The witches vandalise a graveyard at the start of the film, showing their hatred towards God and heaven. They gouge out the eyes of the angels- possibly making them blind to what is about to happen. Red spray paint is forcefully sprayed in the eyes of the statues, also making them oblivious to the witchcraft about to take place. Crosses are also defaced- possibly a reference to Macbeths worries about his afterlife. After the vandalism, the girls quieten down, possibly showing an ounce of respect seen as though the place they just demolished is a graveyard. Macbeth is dressed in casual attire, but in black, as in the introduction, he is supposed to be mourning his sons death. Macbeths wife also lays down white roses- symbols of love and innocence- ironic as in the end, nobody seems to be innocent! Later on, as Macbeth and his gang chase a drug dealer from the underworld (with the prevailing colour of red), yellow street lights and buildings are shown- this separated the real world from the underworld. This shows the audience that Macbeths actions are not within the realms of what a normal person would do, and that in order to carry on with his normal life; he must keep his actions inside the underworld. Music is an important part in setting the scene for a film, and in Roman Polanskis film, a droning, repetitive, chaos-inducing tune is used which shows the kookiness of the witches. When Macbeth is shown, a drum beat, not dissimilar to that of an army march beat is used. This shows how Macbeth is a soldier and will fight for his king. The King has music played on a trumpet- vey regal and flattering, this shows his position clearly as a monarch. The music played for the different characters is mostly to show who they are in terms of status; and the music is used instead of a lengthy introduction, allowing the audience to apply stereotypes to the different characters via the music and paint a picture in their minds about the character, but on a deeper level than shown on screen. While the title graphics are showing, fighting sounds are played- simulating the sounds of a battlefield. Plus with swords clanging and maces clashing, the audience are allowed to recreate their own battle in their minds without the help of visual hints. The 2007 version uses similarly annoying, grating noises for the witches- but this time using hissing sounds- possibly a link to the devil posing as a snake in the Bible story of Adam and Eve, where the snake fools Eve into eating the Apple, who then fools Adam into also eating the apple- an uncanny resemblance to the tragedy of Macbeth. Instead of showing a blank screen while showing the title credits, Wright preferred to show a gung-ho showdown between Macbeths gang and an Asian gang. Here, the music is loud and upbeat in contrast to the hissing beforehand- just like the 1971 version. Possibly in an attempt to entice the audience of the 21st century, Wright uses very violent scenes- such as depicting men being shot with submachine guns by Macbeth. Again- this may have been done to excite the audience; and instead of letting the audience make up the fight in their minds, a graphical representation has been put on a plate for them. This was not done in 1971 due to the social taboos against showing excessively violent scenes in films- a theme that runs right through the 2007 version as nowadays, these types of scenes are generally being seen as more and more acceptable; despite many believing that suggesting is much more powerful than stating- as could be the case in Wrights version. Roman Polanskis film shows witches dressed in ragged clothes, unwashed and with no shoes. This allows the audience to see immediately that these women are strange, and not very wealthy. The king on the other hand is shown to wear a fine suit of armour, with a polished helmet- showing his social importance and wealth. Macbeth lies in the middle of the two extremes- not exuberantly poor like the witches- as he wears chainmail and shoes; but not very wealthy and important- as he has no banner or shiny helmet. This simplistic method of categorising people shows the simplistic way in which Polanski is trying to depict the characters and show the audience how Macbeth is lodged between the two extremes of wealth and social status. When Macbeth meets up with his gang for the action sequence, all of his gang are dressed casually in dark clothes. All except the gangs Consigliere (the Kings son) who is dressed in a smart black suit with a red tie- again, with reference to the recurring theme of red, this time showing him as royalty, and as having a higher social status than the other gang members. Hair is an important part of first impressions- in Polanskis film, Macbeths hair is not shown in the introduction, and is hidden by a chainmail hood. This could hint at Macbeth being sheltered from evil and guarded due to his hood acting as a safety blanket. The King wears a crown- a symbol of true royalty, and his hair is uncovered- possibly showing that he is weak. Geoffrey Wrights adaptation also depicts the King as being weaker than the other characters when his hair colour is looked at. The King is shown as having very fair, blonde hair- again being a symbol of innocence and weakness. The witches in Polanskis film have different hairstyles- two have hoods- like Macbeths but made of cloth, and one has dirty, unwashed brown hair. This array of hairstyles allows the audience to realise that the witches are individuals, and are not all identical in the way they behave. On the other hand, the 2007 version shows all of the witches having the same hairstyle and colour- that being red- with connotations to blood and death. This also is trying to show the audience that they are quite aggressive and possibly have links to the devil. Roman Polanskis film depicts Macbeth with 1970s style censoring- no explicitly violent or sexual scenes; but traditional hints at what is happening. Wrights version is essentially a film from a totally different time period- showing excessive violence to help the modern audience understand what is going on. I think that despite the sometimes cheesy details of the film, Polanski has created a classic that really entices the audience and makes them wonder what is going on when subtle hints are dropped directing the viewer on the right direction in terms of their mental picture of the scene. The 2007 version shows how complacent modern-day audiences have become with violence and nudity in films. I think that this is mostly down to the filmmakers wanting to make the film more exciting- in some ways they have, as the action scenes in the film can be quite gripping. But as a teenager, I think that more needs to be done in order to let my imagination get to work and try to think of what is really happening, and what is the film trying to tell me beyond the gratuitous violence.